Analyse de “Frost at Midnight”

Elements of introduction The poem under study is â€Å"Frost at Midnight†, composed by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet who was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England. It is part of the conversation poems, a series of 8 poems composed by Coleridge between 1795 and 1807 ; each details a particular life experience which leads to the poet's examination of nature and the role of poetry.Written in 1798, â€Å"Frost at midnight† discusses Coleridge's childhood experience in a quite negative manner and emphasizers the need to be brought up in the countryside. In this poem, the narrator comes to an understanding of nature while isolated with his thoughts. Nature becomes a comfort, however, the poet remembers the loneliness of childhood when he felt isolated from nature and other people, as if living in a world of strangers. His hope is that his own child, David Hartley, will experience an easier and more harmonious life.In this conversation poem, the speaker is gene rally held to be Coleridge himself ; the poem is quiet, very personal restatement of the abiding themes of early English Romanticism : the effect of nature on imagination, the relationship between children and natural world, contrast between this liberating country setting and the city, relationship btw adulthood and childhood as they are linked in adult memory. Like many Romantic verse monologues of this kind such as â€Å"Tintern Abbey† as a notable example, this poem is written in blank verse, a term used to describe unrhymed lines metered in iambic pentameter. nd the silent listener is his infant son, Hartley. The setting of the poem is late at night, when Coleridge is the only one awake in the household. He sits next to his son's cradle and reflects on the frost falling outside the home. He takes this instant of solitude to allow his reflections to expand to his love of nature. I – A typical conversation poem Coleridge begins by creating a tone of solemn gentlenes s in the first line, s the frost is described as performing a â€Å"secret ministry† : the frost ministers without the help of the wind (l2), thus takes the bite out of the chilly night air and maintains a silence throughout the landscape. The only sound he can hear is the owl (l2-3), but its sudden interruption of the quiet is counterpoised with the sleepers in the cottage, whose rest remains undisturbed. The speaker enjoys this midnight solitude, although he notes that he is not truly alone : his â€Å"cradled infant slumbers peacefully† beside him (l7).The baby's presence only serves to accentuate the speaker's solitude since this child, too, sleeps while the speaker alone is awake at this late hour. At first, he finds the absolute stillness disturbing ; he takes comfort in the seeming sympathy of the only stirring object in the house or beyond – a film across the grate (grille de foyer) – the â€Å"sole unquiet thing† (l16). The speaker sees a similarity between himself and the â€Å"puny flaps and freaks† of the grate (l20). The insensible film interprets the moving of air without a guiding reason, so too does the speaker â€Å"makes a toy of thought† (l23).Transition : by shifting the scene of the second stanza to his boyhood and summertime, Coleridge manages to create a sense of the inner discomfort that the speaker feels in his midnight vigil (une veille) in the cottage. A poem which conveys many beliefs of the romantic movement Themes of ‘power of sleep', dreams and imagination The image that connects these themes is the â€Å"thin blue flame† in the fireplace. Christopher R. Miller in â€Å"Coleridge and the Scene of Lyric Description† : he identifies the â€Å"flickering of the ember† as a â€Å"counterpoint to Coleridge's own insomniac musings†.Peter Barry in â€Å"Coleridge the Revisionnary : Surrogacy and Structure in the Conversation Poems† : He asserts tha t the dying flame is representative of Coleridge's reproof of the â€Å"directionlessness in his Spirit† : â€Å"like the flame, his own intellectual spirit is puny, unable to achieve lift-off, purposeless, narcissistic, and prone to interpret everything as a reflection of itself, so that thought becomes an idle plaything rather than a purposeful instrument†. â€Å"Power of sleep† : In the first stanza of the poem, Coleridge laments that his insomnia stifles his imagination.Perhaps this is why Coleridge takes pleasure in watching his son sleep, for the poet understands that dreams allow for the flourishing of creativity. Then, he sees a â€Å"stranger† (l26;41) which he sees â€Å"fluttering† out the window ; perhaps a butterfly or bird which comes to his memory as he sits – as an adult – within his winter cottage listening to the rustling (bruissement) flap on the grate. He finds this stranger desirable, â€Å"more beloved† b y townsman, aunt, or sister to his eyes (l42).This spirit of nature is in fact his â€Å"play-mate† when they are â€Å"clothed alike†, both outside enjoying the pervasive presence of nature. II – – > In his poem, Coleridge explores the relationship between environment and happiness and also reflects on the idyllic innocence of childhood Description of his own love of nature Coleridge describes to his son how his love of nature dates back to his boyhood. During school, Coleridge would gaze out the schoolhouse windows, discontent with where he sits (inside a schoolroom, attempting to study) ; He admires the frost falling outside , longing for the wild familiarity of nature.Although he attempts a â€Å"mock study† of his â€Å"swimming book† (l38) when the stern preceptor draws near, nonetheless he finds his thought already out the half-open door he spies out of the corner of his eye. > His thoughts return to the present, specifically to his s leeping baby. The sounds he can hear now is his breathing, which fills the moments between his sombre thoughts. He wonders at the baby's beauty and turns his mind to the â€Å"far other lore (tradition) / and in far other scenes† which the child will learn one day.In the second verse paragraph, when he reflects on his schooldays, he engages in a memory with a memory ; he tells us that he used to daydream about his home village (Ottery St Mary in Devon), where the sound of the church bells filled him with excited anticipation. The cause of his disturbance now, his sense of separation from the village and from nature, may have something to do with the separation in childhood from his home village in this exile to school and to the city. Lamentations on his physical and emotional confinement in urban England during the latter part of his childhoodThe speaker clearly did not enjoy his life in London, where he felt trapped ; He notes his own limited upbringing (education), kept as he was in â€Å"the great city, pent mid cloisters dim† (l52) where the only natural beauty he could ever see was the sky and stars > the contrast between this liberating country setting and city as we know that one of the fundamentals of Romanticism is the belief in the natural goodness of man, the idea that in a state of nature people would behave well but are hindered by civilisation, embodied by the city of London where Coleridge grew up in his later days.He was not a child with nature ; these thoughts eventually lulled him to sleep, and his day dreams then turned into dreams. His lack of concentration in class caused him problems when he went back to school the â€Å"following morn†, but he still kept thinking about the film, anticipated the coming of an absent friend and thought about his birth place. But, if the classroom door opened the slightest, the boy would immediately look up, so as to look for escaping, hoping it was a â€Å"townsman, aunt or sister mor e beloved† which the fluttering stranger had predicted would come to visit.The speaker declares that an education gained in the realms of nature will make all seasons â€Å"sweet to thee†, giving the baby a perspective on life that the speaker cannot fully hold because of his own limited exposure to nature in its various forms. While the father has difficulty settling in to the silent solitude of a frosty midnight, and similarly could not focus on his studies indoors while summer spent itself without, the son will have no difficulty embracing nature in her various dresses, because he will be more connected to the natural order than his father ever could be.His memory of feeling trapped in the schoolhouse naturally brings him back into his immediate surroundings with a sudden rush of feeling for his son. His final meditation on his son's future becomes mingled with his Romantic interpretation of nature and its role in the child's creativity. > The consideration of his ow n unhappy childhood leads Coleridge to reflect on the baby sleeping next to him ; at least he can ensure that Hartley will not experience the same exile from nature. The poem, after a brief pause in the present, launches on a vision of the future, where it continues develop until the end.That is why he daydreams about leaving the city and returning to his rural birthplace to raise his kid. His desire to bring up his child in a more pastoral life, surrounded with nature On the other hand, his baby will wander the mountains and fiels, gaining an education only Nature in all its glory can bestow. The child will learn â€Å"that eternal language, which thy God/Utters† (l60) ; in other words, he will learn the spirit of Nature and see in it the wonder, majesty, and beauty of its Creator. He tells his son that he's delighted that his son will have more opportunities to observe the beauty of nature and will not be reared/ in the great city, pent ‘mid cloisters dim'† as C oleridge himself was. He then wishes that â€Å"all seasons shall be sweet† to his son and that his son will learn to appreciate all aspects of nature. Coleridge projects on his son his own longing for childhood innocence and his belief that closeness to nature brings happiness. Coleridge declares that Hartley will be brought up in a more pastoral life and will be closer to nature than his father was. Thus, Coleridge projects on his son own longing for childhood innocence and his belief that closeness to nature brings happiness.To illustrate Coleridge's theory we can draw a parallel talking about Wordsworth. Coleridge, as we know, was raised in London, â€Å"pent ‘mid cloisters dim† whereas Wordsworth was brought up in the rustic countryside. He thus saw his own childhood as a time when his connection with the natural world was at its greatest. He revisited his memories his memories of childhood in order to soothe his feelings and provoke his imagination ; wherea s Coleridge questions Wordsworth's easy identification of childhood with a kind of automatic, original happiness.Instead, in his poem, he says that, as a child, he â€Å"saw naught lovely but the stars ans sky† and seems to feel the lingering effects of that alienation. In this poem, we can see how the pain of this alienation has strengthened Coleridge's wish that his child enjoy an idyllic Wordsworthian upbringing â€Å"by lakes and sandy shores, beneath the crags / of ancient mountain, and beneath the clouds†. Rather than seeing the link between childhood and nature as an inevitable, Coleridge seems to perceive it as a fragile, precious, and extraordinary connection, one of which he himself was deprived.

Project Network Survey Essay

Besides the basic physical security of a site, the next most important aspect is controlling digital access into and out of the organization’s network. In most cases this means controlling the points of connectivity to the outside world, typically the Internet. Partitioning the boundary between the outside Internet and the internal intranet is a critical security piece. Any services not actually needed should be turned off so that they will not become avenues of attack for security threats. Different systems will have different services running by default. The firewall process can tightly control what is allowed to traverse from one side to the other. As with most aspects of security, deciding what type of firewall to use will depend upon factors such as traffic levels, services needing protection and the complexity of rules required. The difficulty for firewalls is distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. Firewalls, if configured correctly, can be a reasonable form of protection from external threats including some denial of service (DOS) attacks. If not configured correctly they can be major security holes in an organization. The most basic protection a firewall provides is the ability to block network traffic to certain destinations. This includes both IP addresses and particular network service ports. Many network devices and computer hosts startup network services by default, each of these services could represent an opportunity for attackers, worms and Trojans. Very often all of these default services are not needed. Doing port lockdown by turning off services reduces this exposure. Port 25: Is the virtual pathway that most e-mail traffic follows when it travels from your computer to a server. Port 25 can get clogged with spam e-mails when computers on a network become infected with a virus or other malicious software. Because of the potential threat our host computers sending spam email Port 25 will remain closed. Port 80: This is the primary port used by the World Wide Web (www) system. Web servers open this port then listen for incoming connections from web browsers. Similarly, when a web browser is given a remote address (like grc.com or amazon.com), it assumes that a remote web server will be listening for connections on port 80 at that location. This port will generally be open only when a web server of some sort is running on the machine. Due to the popularity of this port for malicious exploitation, it should never be open unless it is being actively and deliberately used to serve web pages. Port 139: Is typically used for file/printer sharing, including directory replication with Active Directory, trusts, remote access of event logs, etc. This port should be open. If you block port 139 on a Domain Controller you will kill AD replication. If you block 139 in a typical business network, you will lose the ability to do much of anything on a remote computer such as remotely manage clients/servers, install software, share printers, or files. Since the NetBIOS vulnerability is quite well-known a long time ago and heavily popularized, patches have been already released. The last remote exploits that targeted NetBIOS/139 were in the Windows NT/2000 era. Ports 1900 and Port 2869: These UDP port are opened and used by Universal Plug N’ Play (UPnP) devices to receive broadcasted messages from other UPnP devices. UPnP devices broadcast subnet-wide messages to simultaneously reach all other UPnP devices. UPnP Internet servers were found to have remotely exploitable unchecked buffers that would allow, in principle, remote malicious hackers. Microsoft Windows is vulnerable to a buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking by the Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) service. By sending a specially-crafted HTTP request, a remote attacker could overflow a buffer and execute arbitrary code on the system with elevated privileges when combined with another exploit. Unused Internet servers and services should not be left running if they are not actively needed, for this reason this port should be closed until needed. Port 5357: This port is opened because  you have Network Discovery enabled in a Public Network profile. The port is vulnerable to info leak problems allowing it to be accessed remotely by malicious authors. This port should be closed if network discovery is not required. Port 6839: This port is not associated with any particular services and should be closed unless it is assoc iated and used. Port 7435: This port is not associated with any particular services and should be closed unless it is associated and used. Port 9100: This TCP port is used for printing. Port numbers 9101 and 9102 are for parallel ports 2 and 3 on the three-port HP Jetdirect external print servers. It is used for network-connected print devices. This port should remain open to allow print services. Ports 9101 and 9102: Is the Bacula Director. This TCP port is used for printing. Port numbers 9101 and 9102 are for parallel ports 2 and 3 on the three-port HP Jetdirect external print servers. It is used for network-connected print devices. This port should remain open to allow print services. Port 9110: SSMP Message protocol – This protocol is intended to be used to implement thread-to-thread messaging locally or over the Internet. Ports registered with IANA are shown as official ports. The same port number may be unofficially used by various services or applications. Unofficially or sometimes with conflict, the same port may be used by different applications. This port is not associated with any particular services and should be closed unless it is associated and used. Port 9220: This port is for raw scanning to peripherals with IEEE 1284.4 specifications. On three port HP Jetdirects, the scan ports are 9290, 9291, and 9292. It is used for network-connected print devices. This port should remain open to allow print services. Port 9500: TCP Port 9500 may use a defined protocol to communicate depending on the application. In our case we are using port 9500 to access the ISM Server. The ISM Server is used for exchanging backup and recovery information between storage devices. This port should remain open while services are in use. Port 62078: This port is used by iPhone while syncing. The Port used by UPnP for multimedia files sharing, also used for synchronizing iTunes files between devices. Port 62078 has a known vulnerability in that a service named lockdownd sits and listens on the iPhone on port 62078. By connecting to this port and speaking the correct protocol, it’s possible to spawn a number of different services on an iPhone or iPad. This port should be blocked or closed when service is not required  on the device. References Gibson, S. (n.d.). GRC | Port Authority, for Internet Port 139 . Retrieved October 10, 2014, from https://www.grc.com/port_139.htm Gibson, S. (n.d.). GRC | Port Authority, for Internet Port 2869 . Retrieved October 10, 2014, from https://www.grc.com/port_2869.html Gibson, S. (n.d.). GRC | Port Authority, for Internet Port 80 . Retrieved October 10, 2014, from https://www.grc.com/port_80.htm Gibson, S. (n.d.). GRC | Port Authority, for Internet Port 9101 . Retrieved October 10, 2014, from https://www.grc.com/port_9101.html HP Support document – HP Support Center. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2014, from http://h20565.www2.hp.com/portal/site/hpsc/template.PAGE/public/kb/docDisplay/?sp4ts.oid=412144&spf_p.tpst=kbDocDisplay&spf_p.prp_kbDocDisplay=wsrp-navigationalState%3DdocId%253Demr_na-c02480766-2%257CdocLocale%253D%257CcalledBy%253D&javax.portlet.begCacheTok=com.vignette.cachetoken&javax.portlet.endCacheTok=com.vignette.cachetoken HP Support document – HP Support Center. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2014, from http://h20566.www2.hp.com/portal/site/hpsc/template.PAGE/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=bps53634&ac.admitted=1413144875821.876444892.199480143 Network Printer Ports. (2003, March 28). Retrieved October 10, 2014, from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc728404(v=ws.10).aspx networking – Is port 139 still vulnerable? – Server Fault. (2009, June 20). Retrieved October 10, 2014, from http://serverfault.com/questions/29065/is-port-139-still-vulnerable Port 5357 TCP on Windows 7 professional 64 bit? – Super User. (2009, October 18). Retrieved October 10, 2014, from http://superuser.com/questions/56781/port-5357-tcp-on-windows-7-professional-64-bit Port 62078 (tcp/udp) :: SpeedGuide.net. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2014, from http://www.speedguide.net/port.php?port=62078 Port 6839 (tcp/udp) – Online TCP UDP port finder – adminsub.net. (2014, August 26). Retrieved October 10, 2014, from http://www.adminsubne t.net/tcp-udp-port-finder/6839 Port 7435 (tcp/udp) – Online TCP UDP port finder – adminsub.net. (2014, August 26).

I must write a after action review (AAR) based off my deployment to Essay

I must write a after action review (AAR) based off my deployment to Afghanistan - Essay Example It therefore exposed me to various aspects of combat missions and on strategic management of operations while on such deployment missions. Among the main areas that the deployment gave me an exposure in are together with the concept of acquisition, concept of command and control, MTOE (modified table of organization and equipment) as well as on power efforts within Afghanistan. Besides, I learned a lot on the responsibilities and the main competences that an acquisition officer within such missions is expected to have in order to realize effectiveness in the entire operations. First, I must admit that the tour served a great learning experience especially in practice of what military science class had taught me. For instance, unlike what theory supposes, that current field operations influence much the concept of acquisition, the tour taught me that the concept of acquisition is and should be centered on the old (tradition) garrison operations. Concerning the command controls, it is worth noting that as much as a command coronel has the power to command the teams he/she leads, other vested interests in pleasing the project managers and the superiors end up confusing and hence effectiveness is compromised on such missions. This could not be well phrased while in the class context but when one is given such a responsibility in the field as I had, I managed to have the practical aspect in the command and control within military science. Moreover, the field experience showed me that the MTOE does not necessarily support the war that the fighters need. It was also through this trip that I understood that redundant operational energy power efforts within Afghanistan could be blamed on the multiple power providing organizations that were in operation within the country. Among most other things learnt from the places visited and over the tasks assigned were on strategic planning, roles assignment and responding to emergencies whenever need arises. When I went out for

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Compensation Plan for Sales Team - Essay Example osal, mild assumptions are made regarding the company’s objectives where the strategic function of the sales tram can be patterned with, then the compensation scheme is made in order to back up those strategies. Personal selling (or sales) is just one of the functions of marketing communications which helps a company carry on a strategy in order to fulfill a certain goal. In marketing’s case, the goal is market share in order to support a larger goal of the company such as increase in shareholders’ wealth. Since personal selling in InterClean, Inc. is assumed to be a primary function of marketing communications to reach the marketing objective, we have to look first at the company as a whole. Another assumption derived from the instruction, since the sales team is new, is that the company is new in the industry. Given this, we can assume that the company’s marketing strategy is to build market share, being a new player in the industry. Building market share as the marketing strategy calls for some personal selling/sales function strategies which will be of support it—this includes building sales volume. The personal selling function then breaks the objective down into smaller and more specific sets depending on the nature of the job which will handle it. In order to meet these objectives, one factor which is designed to motivate the team is to give rewards in the form of the compensation package. In this paper, we present two kinds of pay that constitute the whole compensation package: fixed pay and variable pay. The whole compensation package includes three components: the base pay for the fixed pay, and the bonus pay, like commissions, and long term compensation for the variable pay. We will see the difference in proportions of these for the compensation package for each job design in the later discussion. Pay structures differ from each job to another as pay as a form of reward aims to reinforce behaviors that are essential to meet the objectives

Respond to 4 students with no more than 60 words with 2 references Coursework - 1

Respond to 4 students with no more than 60 words with 2 references each - Coursework Example This made it possible for the author to convince the reader on the merits and demerits associated with each kind of level of measurement (Manheim, Rich, Willnat, & Brians, 2008). With that, decision making for researchers became much easier when it comes to the selection of measurement of validity for individual researchers (Reynolds, 2007). A major shortfall that characterisitcally shows up with reference to the author’s work has to do with the fact that not much background was given to the various levels of measurement of validity, namely nominal level, ordinal level, interval level, and ratio level (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). This not withstanding, much work was done by the author in giving a generalized background to research situations where the need to measure validity is more useful and this was sighted as quantitative study (Garger, 2010). Garger, J. (2010). 4 levels of measurement in social science.Methodology. Retrieved September 23, 2012 from http://johngarger.com/articles/methodology/4-levels-of-measurement-in-social-science-research Clearly, the author was more emphatic on some of the levels, particularly, the nominal and ratio than others. As this was done, it would have been more appropriate if specific instances where researchers could best use these two levels were also discussed into detail. Though much detail was given on the merits of the nominal level (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008), not much specification was done for researchers who would want to settle on this type measurement to test the validity of their works (Farcao,

Diabetes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Diabetes - Research Paper Example From the statistics presented by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, it is also evident that the minorities that are exposed to diabetes have the high prevalence due to their lifestyles. Diabetes continues to be a disease that has social stigma to those suffering from it as it demands a lot of energy and time and it has long time complications to an individual’s body (Hall, 2011). Diabetes also happens to be a very physical disease that affects major organs in the body. Obese people tend to be more vulnerable to having this disease than healthy people and they struggle to manage this disease in all ways they can. This is mostly caused by the lifestyle these people live, for example, the kind of food they eat, lack of exercise and stress which makes them more vulnerable than others. Casey (2011), states that the factors that determines the outcome of the disease and the final effect that it has on the individual include the lifestyles that the individuals live and the social stigma that the patients undergo. In defining the lifestyles that many patients live in, it is important to mention the economic variable. AHRQ (2012) mentions that, in minority groups, economic barriers and the cultural difference plays an important role in determining the outcome of the treatment that patients are given. Some patients usually face a lot of economic barriers that prevent them from getting insulin treatment and they sometimes do not place their own medical needs before those of family members. Other variables that determine the outcome of the disease include distrust for medical personnel and preferences for other remedies (Fain, 2009). However, one of the most important variables in the management of the disease is the social stigma that the patients face. According to the Center for Disease Control, the social stigma that affects people living with diabetes increases the mortality from the disease (Tessaro,

Case study for Tourism and hospitality Workforce Essay

Case study for Tourism and hospitality Workforce - Essay Example Customers determine where they need to be served. Employees need to know this because hotels operate in the service industry (Hsu, 2005). The main point is for the front office staff to know the visitors before and after opening the guest door. It is imperative for employees to always be alert and aware of what goes around them. This is the reason Joe engages with employee selection, recruitment, and training. Interpersonal communication The hiring process marks the start of getting a good front office employee. Since the size of the hotel is small, Joe takes over the responsibilities of the human resources management. He runs the functions that include job analysis, recruiting, and evaluation (Hotel, Catering & Institutional Management Association, 2011). When he carries out these duties, Joe closes the gap between the actual performance and the perfect necessities of the hotel to attain superior organizational success through profitability (Rhodri, 2010). Joe achieves this by enhan cing hotel objectives that utilize, develop, and train employees. Joe grew through the ranks from a front office employee to a General Manager. Therefore, he understands the primary factors of success in the hotel, tourism, and hospitality industry. His involvement in almost the entire process of acquiring and developing employees serves as a motivational factor to the success of Sunrise hotel. Interpersonal communication initiatives motivates employees, maximizes their abilities, and in the process increases productivity and economic outcomes (Kerr, 2012). It creates a working environment where employees become creative, innovative, develop teamwork, and spirit. The channels of communication at Sunrise hotel are clear indicators of the importance of interpersonal communication. Motivation Joe’s actions and management style help Sunrise hotel to maintain a very low rate of employee turnover that is at twenty-five percent. It is not surprising that a bigger size of the twenty- five percent goes to students on internship and attachment that leave to develop their careers elsewhere (Croatian Tourist Board & Institute for Tourism, 2010). The rest of employees tend to associate more with the success of Sunrise hotel than individual success. Joe makes sure that through his polices, employees integrate their plans with both hotel objectives and strategies. Strategically, Sunrise hotel employees manage to develop a new working culture, style, organizational structure that targets success (Rosyidie, 2012). Their quality and commitment as well as motivation contribute fully to the realization of Sunrise hotel goals. Joe’s system of running affairs has various crucial benefits. Some of the benefits are general and do not require complex strategies. His management style helps Sunrise hotel to manage its workforce in a better and more efficient way. This method makes sure that every employee puts his or her major target as customer satisfaction. The hotel ensu res that employees use their potential to the maximum and in the process perform their work better. Leadership Style Joe focuses mainly on hotel profitability and employee development. This results in high degree of workforce management and efficiency. Courtesy of Joe, Sunrise hotel has an almost perfect yet modest structure of organizational change. His efficiency justifies the

Marketing Ethics and Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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SELF-DEFINED PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Tools and Decision Making for Ongoing Performance Essay Example for Free

Tools and Decision Making for Ongoing Performance Essay In this presentation, Learning team B will discuss common problems encountered in the hospital, ways in which decisions are made dealing with risk and quality management issues. We will provide a scenario and give our advice on how to decrease the transmission of hospital acquired infections. Then we will discuss challenges the team faced while completing this assignment. Encountered problems with Hospital Decision Making (Felicia) Acquired Information for Decision Making (Felicia) Common Decision Making Tools (Felicia)Â  Challenges that may be encountered in risk and quality management (Mom) Waiting until the last minute and then not having enough time to make an informed decision is not only a risk in any organization; it is a quality issue also. When individuals are rushed they tend to make mistakes or overlook important information that may be needed to make decisions. If one misses important information the quality of service may be affected. Not using a well thought out method to when decision making may lead to the wrong action or measure being taken. For example, if a nurse has a patient with a pressure ulcer and the nurse has no guideline or routine that is enforced for this type of pressure ulcer then the treatment that the nurse gives may not be the best for the patient. When one makes a decision one must use the information available to make the best possible decision for the best outcome. If the information available is not accurate then the wrong decision could be made. This is not only a risk but it may decrease the quality of the organization as well. Strategies that should be adapted to improve ongoing performance (Sonya) One can measure the quality of health care by observing its structure, processes, and outcomes. Structure measures assess the accessibility, availability, and quality of resources, such as health insurance, bed capacity of a hospital, and number of nurses with advanced training. Process measures assess the delivery of health care services by clinicians and providers, such as using guidelines for care of diabetic patients. Outcome measures indicate the final result of health care and can be influenced by environmental and behavioral factors. Examples include mortality, patient satisfaction, and improved health status. Decision making process tools (Mar) FMEA- A step-by-step approach for identifying all possible failures in a product or service. Best used to take actions to eliminate or reduce failures. Flow Chart- A picture of separate steps of a process in sequential order. This is used to study a process for improvement. To communicate to others how a process is done. Cause–and-effect diagram- A tool that helps identify, sort, and display possible causes of a specific problem or quality characteristic. It graphically illustrates the relationship between a given outcome and all factors that influence the outcome. Helps determine the root causes of a problem or quality characteristic using a structured approach. Increases knowledge of the process by helping everyone to learn more about the factors at work and how they relate. Check sheet- A structured, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data. A generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes. When collecting data on the frequency or patterns of events, problems, defects, defect location, defect causes, etc. Control chart- A graph used to study how processes change over time. When determining whether your quality improvement project should aim to prevent specific problems or to make fundamental changes to the process. Histogram: Most commonly used graph to show frequency distributions. Frequency distributions show how often each different value in a set data occurs. When analyzing whether a process can meet the customers requirements. When seeing whether a process change has occurred from one time period to another. When you wish to communicate the distribution of data quickly and easily to others. Pareto chart: A bar graph. The lengths of the bars represent frequency or cost (time or money) and are arranged with longest bars on the left and shortest on the right. The chart visually depicts which situations are more significant. When there are many problems or causes and you want to focus on the most significant. Analyzing broad causes by looking at their specific components. Run chart: Display process performance over time. Detect special causes of variations. * Scatter diagram: Graphs pairs of numerical data with one variable on each axis, to look for a relationship between them. If the variables are correlated, the points will fall along a line or curve. The better the correlation the tighter the points will hug the line. When numerical data is paired. When your dependent variable may have multiple values for each value of your independent variable. When trying to figure out whether two variables are related. Scenario (Sonya) ABC organization has noticed an increase in patients who have acquired infections while receiving care and service. In fact, there seems to be so many different types of infections that the organization does not know where to start. With your guidance, the organization will be able to identify infections and the number of infections per category throughout the facility to determine the vital few and focus their efforts on the few areas that will bring about the greatest return on investment of time and effort. The organization needs to identify which infections affect the most patients. Information needed (mom) This is a check sheet that shows what information is needed to identify the types of infections that are being acquired in the hospital. One the infection is identified then one must find the prevalence of the infection. Who is being infected, how are they being infected, how to treat the infection and so on and so forth. This check sheet will let the hospital know all the information needed to decrease the rate of infections. Why the process (MAR) The check sheet is one of the tools of choice because it enables the hospital to find out which patients are affected, when and where the infection may be coming from and other information needed to stop the spread of infection. A cause-and-effect diagram was chosen because it shows the cause of infections so that we can come up with a plan and enforce current plans to decrease the likely hood that the infection will occur. The Pareto Chart gives the hospital a way to tract the infection and how much the infections will cost the hospital. Decision (Mom) The reason that we have chosen each process is because these processes give the hospital a way to identify the types of infection and the ways in which the infections are being transported to the patients. They will identify which units are having the most infection rates so that we will know who needs reinforcement with infection control. This will track what infections are occurring so that infection control policies can be updated in a timely fashion to help minimize infection occurrence. Changes (MAR) Changes of the results that we are finding include but are not limited to the decrease of nosocomial infections. They will make the staff more aware of infection control. This will also give the hospital ample opportunity to retrain staff that are not up to par or are noncompliant with infection control policies. Explanation (Mom) Quality of service is a major issue in health care. The plans that are in place are meant to identify infections. Identify units that are most affected. The patients are our main priority. This will tell us what type of patients are more likely to get the infection. We want to decrease the number of infections that occur by reinforcing the infection control policies. This will increase patient safety and patient satisfaction which will save the hospital money in the long run. Challenges (Mar)Â  The challenges that our team faced while completing the assignment were time restraints. We all have different schedules and time availability. We have learned to adapt so that the assignment is completed in a timely fashion. We also realized that we need to communicate precisely what each of our parts in assignment should be. The most important thing that we found challenging was interpreting what exactly the assignment requirements were. We will be sure to make sure we ask questions if we need clarification in the future.

Factors in Planning Health Interventions

Factors in Planning Health Interventions Identify, assess and discuss both direct and indirect impacts on health the following determinants have with regards to planning, implementation, and the evaluation of health interventions. Determinant factors Demographic distribution of populations Political values Religious beliefs Human values Ethnicity Traditions Numerous aspects unite collectedly in order to influence the wellbeing of a person and the society. There are factors that cosiderably affect the individuals by the conditions and the environment whether the individuals are healthy or not. These factors are the environment that we live in, our status in life, literacy, and our associations to the people that sorrounds us ( World Health Organization WHO, 2014). Determinants Factors a. Demographic distribution of populations Distribution of population is the number of people living in one place. Demography is focused on the analysis of the population size and structure, specifically in connection to its determinants, fertility, mortality and immigration. Demography has a lot of major issues in its root like global population growth, the challenges of population and the effect of different issues faced by the environment. This could also be rooted in their knowledge about the effect of their actions. Some places aren’t learned enough on the consequences they need to face in doing something. If the population size is big, lesser focus on each family will be given and any help wouldn’t be lend to them, which might result to poverty and hunger that will soon become an illness. The major reason for population changes, whether in an individual country or for the whole world, is the change in birth and death rates. Thebirth rateis the number of live babies born in a year for every 1000 people in t he total population.Death ratesare number of people dying per 1000 people. When birth rates are higher than death rates the population of an area will increase (InternetGeogrphy, 2014). b. Political value Political values are one of the determinants of health. Somehow, it can affect one’s health through their perspective. How they perceive the political values that are instilled to them could be one factor. It depends on the mind setting of the person, if they rely so much on the politics’ promises to create their lives (Levine, 2012). If they think the government can support their needs, which, in reality, is very rare, then their health might be at risk. One must understand the politics’ issue and how it runs in their country. And this belief may result to poverty/hunger, which later will cause illness to the people. Stress may be considered as one of the indirect impact of political values, stress is considered as one of the major causes of different illness recognized and some political values that are not met and was discouraged may lead into giving stress to people. c. Religious beliefs Religious belief doesn’t have that direct impact on their health but indirectly with the belief they stand in for their religion, it may become a determinant of their health. With respect to each all religions, each of it has their own belief and perspective in all aspects. Having a religious belief may have both positive and negatives impacts on health and morbidity. Some religion might consider one thing a bad habit while the other doesn’t even mind it. There are few who have cited several possible reasons basically related with lesser stress levels in a religious community. It has been found that going to church increases life expectancy (Hummer, Roger, Ellison, 1999) with a life expectancy at 20-83 years for often-regular attendees and 75 years for non-attendees. The result however does not necessarily mean that you can rely your life expectancy by the number of visits you have on churches thus it will help you with your health issue with consideration on the belie f they stand. People having strong faith were found to have lesser suicidal characters than those atheists. Another factor for this is the food that each religion is allowed to eat. There are foods that is not allowed in some religion which lead them into a healthier living and other religions which has no restrictions that leads to neglecting the right food to eat and eventually may cause illness. d. Human values Human values just like political values have an impact in people’s health. It is more of their disposition towards themselves. How they value and believe in something that might happen in them. This is more on their self-concept and the importance they give in themselves. Human values also consider factors like eating the right food for a long lasting living and eating or practicing whatever they have been used to without even considering their health. Also it can be rooted on what they have been used to since then, this will be the result of their health. There are different kinds of people who does not believe in taking a lot of care of them and might as well believe in destiny, which refutes the belief of having good health for a long lasting life, this may be considered as the indirect impact of human values. e. Ethnicity Ethnicity is one of the influential socio cultural factor that affects nutritional and health status. It has a vital part in determining culinary practices. The idea of ethnicity is the person’s culturally used practices that comes from its pith place which means, what has been practiced since they were born. Discoveries say that acculturation tends to show relevant differences in person’s health and dietary practices once they become acculturated to their culture (Wikipedia, 2014). This has something to do with how they deal with others who are within their ethnic group. It is what the people in the place they live in that has an effect of what they practice. This is one of the determinants of the health of people, their ethnicity that brings them to what are practicing until now because they have been used to. The state of their health might have something to relate with in their bloodline. f. Traditions Tradition refers to one’s belief that is being passed by their elders. It is their practices that has significance in the past and is still acknowledged until now. This has a great impact on one’s health. It is more on what practices or intake they have been used to since they were young and relatively, it may have an effect on their health later on. It is the summation of their cultural experiences is what somehow defines their health. With the continuous practices of these, surely it will have an impact on one’s health. This is with regard to their values of their elders, how they respect their culture. Indirectly, it has in impact on their health in a way that it defines their health in the present time. Reference World Health Organization WHO. (2014). The determinants of health. Retrieved November 25, 2014, from World Health Organization WHO: http://www.who.int/hia/evidence/doh/en/ InternetGeogrphy. (2014). Population Distribution . Retrieved November 2014, 2014, from InternetGeogrphy: http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/popn1.html Levine, S. (2012, July 13). Story: Political values Te ara. Retrieved November 26, 2014, from New Zealand politics and political values: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/political-values/page-1 Hummer, R. A., Roger, R. G., Ellison, C. G. (1999). Religious involvement and U.S. adult mortality. Retrieved November 25, 2014, from PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10332617 Wikipedia. (2014, May). Ethnicity and health. Retrieved November 26, 2014, from Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnicity_and_health

Tech Effect Essay example -- Technology, The Internet

Tech Effect "The Internet is one of a series of aids developed over the last millennium or so that has increased the operational capacities of the average world citizen", (Stefanie Olsen, Sec. 2). With all the new technology so closely on hand, people are starting to wonder about the effects on society and the peoples true ability. The amount of technology in this new world has increased rapidly and is influencing our society by the way they think, the way they work, and by the way they interact socially. Over time new inventions come and go; however, the invention of technology is here to stay. Initially, the use of cell phones has inflated over time. "There are now estimated to be eight times as many mobile phones as fixed lines, three times as many mobile phones as personal computers, and nearly twice as many mobile phones as TV sets", (Niki Denison, Para 3). People are upgrading their technology from the old phones to the new mobile ones. These new phones now have some of the same qualities as personal computers have, such as Internet; therefore, who needs a big computer to access everything if a phone can do that? Phones also can show videos, episodes, and other information shown on TV. Additionally, some technology can imitate other technology. "About one in six (15%) of adults use the Internet, sometimes referred to as VoIP of Voice-Over-Internet-Protocol, to make telephone calls, ("Cell Phone Usage Continues in the USA," Para 3). This explains that people are using and relying on technology to interchange gadgets. Finally, technology is available for any age to use. " Surveys have revealed that teen ownership of cell phones has exploded, from less than half of U.S. teens in 2004 to 71 percent in 2008" ("Cell Phone Usa... ...and they should not fear that use of the Internet and mobile phones will send them ‘into a spiral of isolation," ("New study shows the Internet and mobile phones increase your social network," Para 15). Most people's lives are working out okay with technology, so why not jump on the band wagon? To conclude, people say society relies on technology to much, but it can't be a bad thing if it is bringing this world closer. The ways our society thinks, works, and interacts socially truly comes from our ability to use so much technology. Today's society is lucky enough to have technology at the tips of our fingers; however, what is technology doing to us and can we stop it or better it? â€Å"The Internet is one of a series of aids developed over the last millennium or so that has increased the operational capacities of the average world citizen†, (Stefanie Olsen, Sec. 2). Tech Effect Essay example -- Technology, The Internet Tech Effect "The Internet is one of a series of aids developed over the last millennium or so that has increased the operational capacities of the average world citizen", (Stefanie Olsen, Sec. 2). With all the new technology so closely on hand, people are starting to wonder about the effects on society and the peoples true ability. The amount of technology in this new world has increased rapidly and is influencing our society by the way they think, the way they work, and by the way they interact socially. Over time new inventions come and go; however, the invention of technology is here to stay. Initially, the use of cell phones has inflated over time. "There are now estimated to be eight times as many mobile phones as fixed lines, three times as many mobile phones as personal computers, and nearly twice as many mobile phones as TV sets", (Niki Denison, Para 3). People are upgrading their technology from the old phones to the new mobile ones. These new phones now have some of the same qualities as personal computers have, such as Internet; therefore, who needs a big computer to access everything if a phone can do that? Phones also can show videos, episodes, and other information shown on TV. Additionally, some technology can imitate other technology. "About one in six (15%) of adults use the Internet, sometimes referred to as VoIP of Voice-Over-Internet-Protocol, to make telephone calls, ("Cell Phone Usage Continues in the USA," Para 3). This explains that people are using and relying on technology to interchange gadgets. Finally, technology is available for any age to use. " Surveys have revealed that teen ownership of cell phones has exploded, from less than half of U.S. teens in 2004 to 71 percent in 2008" ("Cell Phone Usa... ...and they should not fear that use of the Internet and mobile phones will send them ‘into a spiral of isolation," ("New study shows the Internet and mobile phones increase your social network," Para 15). Most people's lives are working out okay with technology, so why not jump on the band wagon? To conclude, people say society relies on technology to much, but it can't be a bad thing if it is bringing this world closer. The ways our society thinks, works, and interacts socially truly comes from our ability to use so much technology. Today's society is lucky enough to have technology at the tips of our fingers; however, what is technology doing to us and can we stop it or better it? â€Å"The Internet is one of a series of aids developed over the last millennium or so that has increased the operational capacities of the average world citizen†, (Stefanie Olsen, Sec. 2).

Bad Euthyphro :: essays research papers

Bad Euthyphro   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Euthyphro did not act pious toward his father at all. If he had been trying to be a pious human he would to think deeper in to what he did. Euthyphro turned in his father for killing one man, but he only satisfied one part of being a pious person. According to the American Heritage Dictionary being a pious person has â€Å" devotion and severance towards his god and family.† Euthypro only pleased his god; by bring justice towards his father. He maimed his family and betrayed them. Being thoughtful towards his own family name; Euthyphro only considered him and his money. He only wanted vengeance over the mans death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Looking for revenge never brings any thing good back only bad memories and shame. When Euthyphro found out about his workers death he was mad. Nobody can blame him for it but he acted so abruptly and we out thought he jumped to accuse his father for the murder. He was so quick to blame his father he refused to stop and think. If he had thought about the repercussions that where going to happen, he would of realized that his family name would be put to more shame.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One must also remember what era this story is been told. During the time murder was just another thing that happened daily in the streets. The time that this all takes place is at a time in the world’s history that savageness was still part of the society. The only difference between the ear of Socrates, and today’s society’ is the acceptance of some crimes. When Euthyphros father killed his hired hand, he still had a just reason for doing so. The two main ways to have a pious soul is by having devotion to god and family. Euthyphro showed obviously that he denied honoring his family. It is hard to prove that he did not show devotion to his god. He showed that he felt there was a need for justice. Even thought he went and told on his father, he for goad his own mistakes by sending someone who might be able to kill another.

Diary Entry for Macbeth

The witches have just told me their prophecy and I don’t know what to think. I have to tell my wife, she is an ambitious women and will be thrilled to find out the news. That in my future I will no longer be thane of Cawdor. I will move on to bigger and better things. For prophesised in my future I will become the great King of Scotland. But how am I to achieve these goals of becoming a king. Duncan is a dear friend of mine and trusts me like a brother. How possibly could I deceive him, however although I cherish the friendship of the king I don’t see him fit for the thrown. I am the one who needs to be in charge, to lead the people of Scotland to glory. I deserve the thrown. How can I harbour these thoughts they are thoughts of evil. King Duncan doesn’t deserve this treachery. He is the King, the man chosen from God to lead the Scottish people. Im not sure on what I am to do, but when I meet with my wife we shall decide together. She usually knows what is right. For now i will try to get a good sleep and think about the long journey back home. During The Murder As I put the pillow to Duncan’s chest I felt sick, I felt like no body could trust me. For Duncan is a friend, how should my friends let alone my enemies think. So I put the dagger down and quickly thought of turning back. I saw the look in his eyes, he wouldn’t forgive me if I turned back now he would send me to prison. So I built up all my courage and stabbed the dagger through his chest, then a second time through his heart to make sure the great king was dead. As soon as I was finished my unholy deed I fled back to room where my wife would meet me. As I got back I had realised I had forgotten to frame the guards and cover up my tracks. As I was to shocked, devastated and had partially lost my mind I couldn’t complete the deed, so my wife had to cover my tracks. I felt less of a man but what was done had to be done and then it was over. After The Murder What have I done, it’s all a mistake. Duncan is a great man loved by many, he didn’t deserve to die such a painful death, in fact he didn’t deserve to die at all. My wife she has corrupted me, but she is not to blame because I am the one who covered the Kings mouth to stop his loud screams from escaping his chamber, and I am the one who slowly dug the dagger through his bare chest till he could not scream any more, till he slept not only for a night but eternally. I have no idea what to do, I am so confused. Should I tell people the atrocity that took place last night in my castle? I feel so alone in the world and I cannot tell my wife these feelings of guilt and regret because she is like a heartless demon, she will taught my feelings till I have no goodness left in me. Although it will be difficult I shall keep this secret safely kept in my bosom so that she will not taunt my feelings and feel I am the weakest link and that I will spoil our plans of becoming royalty.

Communication and interpersonal interactions Essay

Explain strategies used in health and social care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions Sometimes in health and social care, professionals find it hard to be able to communicate with patients and clients because of reasons such as disabilities. Sometimes people with certain disabilities need help and support in order to communicate with professionals effectively. People with learning difficulties may need to have a advocate with them who talks behalf of the person who may feel nervous or uncomfortable because they have learning difficulty. They may also feel confused because of the terminology that the professionals may use that the patient may not understand. There are also many types of services that help people with disabilities in order to interact effectively with the professionals such as, signers, translators, physiologists, and mentors. Some patients or clients may have different types of disabilities such as being death. People who have ear imperilment often have signers who will sign whatever is being said by the professional and to the patient who is unable to hear to be able to interact effectively with what is being said by the professional. People who are unable to speak English will have a translator with them who is someone who translates one language into another for the patient so the patient and professional is able to communicate with each other. Some patients use some forms of technologies such as hearing aids and mobile phones to be able to text and communicate. Hearing aids are made for people with hearing imperment, to be able to hear clearly by adjusting the volume to a good level to be able to help them hear clearly. Texting is also another form of communication as some people that are death may prefer communicating with professionals through text. Patients and clients may have preffered languages which may include first language, braile, makaton and sign. People that are paralised E. G. Steven Hawkins, they would use a makaton to be able to communicate which is a language programme for people who are not able to speak efficiently that patients may use to be able to communicate with professionals. Another form of preferred language may be first language, people who speak more than 1 language may prefer speaking their own language with a professional that speaks it too as they may feel that they are able to communicate better with their first language. People who are blind will use a braille which is a form of system that has alphabets of dots which can be read through touch. People with visual impairment will use a braille that needs to be provided to them by professionals to be able to communicate with them. Active listening is also another strategy that is used to interact effectively as it can show a clear understanding of what has being said. Active listening involves listening to patients and then reflecting back on what has been said to make it clear the message they have received is understood. As a individual, all patients have the right to be treated in a caring way by the service workers that they access. Health professions support patients and clients in many ways such as promoting rights, maintaining empowerment, and maintaining confidenialty. Maintain confidentiality under the act of confidentiality y is very important and MUST be maintained to all patients and clients of care and under the law. All patients and clients have the right to confidentiality meaning they have the right to access what information is being held by them, to change any inaccurate information, and to have the right to private information being locked up safely where know one can access. All health professions maintain confidentiality by storing private information about patients in a safe place, not sharing or talking about anyones information with people from outside other than colleagues. Professionals also make sure that they maintain confidentiality by giving patients and clients privacy to be able to have their own personal space. When services users access services, professionals try their best to make them feel pleased about the service so they try the best as they can to make patients feel like they are at home by maintaining empowerment. Empowerment means being able to give choices of freedom to be able to make patients feel pleased about the service and happy. All professionals are aware that everyone has individual differences such as religion, so they make sure that they provide different types of choices to people from different religions such as Muslims and also provide different types of choices according to peoples preferences.

Jean Know †„Where the Gods Fly“ Essay

â€Å"Being the new one†, haven’t we all tried that before? Being the new kid in school, or being the new employee at work. Then, imagine being new in a completely different country, where you have to start from zero. Making new friends, creating a network, learning a new language and also a whole new culture, is all very challenging and overwhelming factors, when moving to a new place. This is actually the situation in Jean Know’s short story â€Å"Where the Gods Fly†, where a little family of three people emigrates from China to the USA, to create a new life by working and raising their daughter in school. In this short story, we hear about a mothers concern about, seeing her daughter being encapsulated in the Western culture. Whilst her husband, and father to their daughter Peal, is suffering from cancer. The parents of Pearl are working at a factory, and to avoid that Pearl would have to be home alone or stick around at the factory, they allow her to start dancing ballet. This gives their daughter a lot of unexpected success, and because they want Pearls to have a proper education and not live of dancing, they encourage her to quite dancing ballet. Parts of this paper will focus on the structure of the short story, and the contrast between the two â€Å"worlds† that are represented in the story. The story does not have an introduction, which means that is starts in medias res â€Å"I kneel here before the gods and the thought of what I am about to do stings my eyes like incense.† This is actually the end of the story, so the rest of the story will be leading us to how everything has come to this point. The story is not told chronologically, I would rather say that it was written with flashbacks or some kind of memory, because we first hear of the mother’s childhood and religious background, and then we hear of their life in America. As mentioned, we first hear about Pearls mother’s roots, and then we hear about how their life in America are progressing. The parents are working at the factory, and they do not have a lot time to spend with their daughter, we can see that in this sentence †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ her father and I spent our waking hours at the factory in Chinatown†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This means that Pearl stays home alone every day after school, and at some point her mother start to  feel guilty not to raise her child properly. This is resulting in a scholarship for Pearl, so she doesn’t have to stay home alone all day, but is this really what Pearls mom want her daughter to do? Actually not, the only reason she does this is to avoid, that her daughter will visit her American friends, because her mom doesn’t understand the Americans. This is a huge problem for her, because on the one side she wants to raise her daughter well and create a good life for her, but on the other side she is not willing to adapt the American culture, and this is what creates her problem. A huge contrast in this story is the contrast between the two cultures of China and America, where Pearl is trying to adapt the Western culture to make a new life and get accepted by her American friends, her mother tries to maintain her roots from growing up in China, and she is not willing to adapt the Western culture. In the story she talks about Pearls audition to the ballet school or scholarship, and here appears an obvious contrast of the two cultures, when Pearls mom says â€Å"We don’t belong here, I wanted to say, what do we simple Chinese know of these inhuman people with their impassive faces and elegant shoulders?†. Another contrast in the story is between the old and new world. The mother says, â€Å"When I was a girl in China, I was not permitted to go to classes. Much of the learning I possess, I picked up through lingering at the table, pretending to dust or sweep, as my brothers studied.† This is a way of telling her daughter that one day, she one only has herself to rely on, so it is very important to Pearl to get a proper education and not only focus on dancing. But it is also a way of getting her daughter to something, that she never got the opportunity to do herself. As the story progresses Pearl is actually becoming what her mother doesn’t want her to become, and as her mother is busy taking care of her ill husband, they are slowly drifting apart. In the end the mother says, â€Å"Buddhas, allow my daughter to understand some day why I take her greatest love away; I know this will be the blow that finally severs the already tenuous bounds between us.† Here she has come to the conclusion that it is the best thing for both Pearl and her to take her greatest love away, so that she can be just a normal girl. Because, the  mother states that Chinese people like them doesn’t have to be something special, they just have to fit in. And by this we are back to the beginning where the big decision has been made, but wants her daughter to resist the winds of fate and get to the place where the gods fly.

If I Met Three Famous People Essay

If I met three famous people who I like, I would be one of most happiest people in the world. I don’t know what I would do, but I would be very happy. I will tell you about three famous people who I would like to meet. At first I would like to meet my favourite boy-band Backstreet Boys. It’s the best boy-band in pop music history. They are five guys from the USA, and they became very famous after their album †Millennium† release in 1999. I’m their very big fan since 2007. And if I met them I would be very happy. I would like to meet all of them, because I couldn’t choose one of them. Their music is so great, it helps me and all their other fans. I’m waiting for their new album release . If I meet them, I would ask them how they felt when became famous. Also I would ask them what meaning has the God in their life, because they are religious people. Of course I have more questions to them, also I would tell them about my feelings and emotions. I would tell them that their music has a very special meaning in my life. I think they are the best boy-band in the world and the best singers. After that I would like to meet Katy Perry. She is a young singer and just a nice young lady. I heard about her a half a year ago and I think she is a great singer with big future. I think she is a great singer with beautiful voice and she is also very beautiful. I like the way she sings. If I met her I would be shocked and amazed. I would ask her why her songs have such unusual names. Also I would ask her what she thinks about other singers and specialy about Backstreet Boys. I would tell her how I like her and how I love her songs, songs that make my life happier. Also who I would like to meet is the hockey player Mikelis Redlihs. Of course I don’t know him but I think he is a very nice guy with a good sence of humour. I think that he is a good hockey player and he has the future in sports. Even if he doesn’t play in NHL, he will show himself in his team . He is very fast on the ice and he can hold a puck. If I met him I would ask him how he feels playing hockey, about his life and of course about his team. I want to say all about these people who I like, they made my life better. I will never stop loving and I will respect these people for what they are and what they do. They will always be in my life and in my heart.

Cultural Background Summary

Personal Cultural Background A person’s identity is unique and has a foundation of various sources. These sources may be different for every person, ranging from a person’s upbringing to a person’s religion. This paper will define cultural background and examine the multiple sources that make up my own personal cultural background that helped mold my individual identity. Furthermore, the paper will speculate on the extent to which my current identity has been molded by assimilation, acculturation, or climate of pluralism. People are unique because no one identity is the same. Every person has his or her own unique identity, which are created by a person’s cultural background, or personal experiences. Cultural background is a primary source of identity. Self-definition, expression, and sense of group belonging are aspects of a person that derives partly from his or her cultural background. An individual’s cultural background, or personal experiences, influences the individual’s behavior, attitude, values, and way of thinking. Although numerous people can experience same situations, the individuals’ perceptions of the events are what make the experiences different from one another. For example, two students take the same test and they both fail; however, one student decides to start studying harder and the other student drops out of school. Both students had two experiences that were the same (e. g. the test and failing), however, the students had two different outcomes (e. g. studying harder and dropping out of school). Next, the paper will examine the multiple sources of my cultural background. My personal cultural background that makes up my identity consists of multiple sources. These sources have influenced me to live the type of lifestyle I live; to behave the way I behave; and to perceive the world the way I do. Several environments have contributed to my cultural background. These environments consists of my family and upbringing, school, church, past relationships, work, and past life experiences. Each of these environments played an important role in how I view the world and have instilled in me morals, ethics, and values. Although these sources have been influential in my life getting me to the point I am currently at in my life, life experiences have the potential and power to change how I perceive the world and my behavior, ethics, and values. My upbringing and the various environments I have been in have helped me evolve into my own individual person. These sources have allowed me to be able to â€Å"think outside the box† of societal norms. My family and other interpersonal relationships have been the most influential part of my current identity. These relationships have taught me respect, ethics, values, and, communication skills. Additionally, these relationships have taught me to be able to adapt successfully to change; to strive for the best and to be the best person I am capable of being; and to not settle for less than my own standards. A person’s cultural background is created by personal experiences individuals go through. However, the individual’s perception of those experiences is what makes every individual different and unique. My own personal cultural background consists of sources such as my personal upbringing, personal religious beliefs, personal values, and personal ethics. My current identity has been molded by pluralism and multiculturalism, or processes that except experiences that alter existing behaviors and beliefs. As cultures continue to interact and intertwine, cultural identities and personal identities will always be constantly changing.

Post-editing and Translation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Post-editing and Translation Management - Essay Example Current TM software enables profession or domain-based customization, which limits the scope of substitutions, allowed and, therefore, improves output, especially where formulaic or formal language is required. As such, it would be expected that TM in cases involving legal and official documents can produce more palatable output as compared to less standardized text and conversations. Output quality in TM can also be enhanced through human intervention, such as the unambiguous identification of words that can be considered proper names in the text, which enables more accurate translation (Somers, 2013). The TM process can be described in terms of decoding the source text’s meaning, as well as re-encoding in the target language supported by a complex cognitive operation. Post-editing refers to the process through which machine-generated translations are improved with little manual intervention or labor, and is closely linked to the concept of pre-editing. During translation of the text, it is possible to achieve best results through source text pre-editing, such as through controlled language principles, after which the machine output is post-edited (Somers, 2013). Post-editing is quite different from editing that refers to the improvement of text generated by humans, also known in translation as revision. Text that has been post-edited could be revised afterward in order to ensure that language choice are of the best quality. Post-editing generally involves correction of output from translation, specifically to ensure that the output is of high quality. The degree or extent of post-editing may differ, which is dictated by the translation management criteria, and may either be full post-editing or light post-editing. Light post-editing involves minim al human intervention and is mainly meant to ensure that the output is readable, in which case the post-editor expects that the client only needs the text for inbound reasons (Somers, 2013). Full post-editing, on the other hand, seeks to make a text more stylistically appropriate by achieving improved quality of text for outbound and inbound purposes.

The writer can choose a topic for my conceptual speech Essay

The writer can choose a topic for my conceptual speech - Essay Example There has been a significant transformation of fashion from this historical time. The transformation in fashion trends is evident in perfumes, cosmetics, corsetry among others. During this old period, each fashion era concentrated on hats, hair, cloaks and capes. All these items were hand-made for individuals because sewing machines were non-existent. Rapid change in existing fashionable items results in the creation of fashion trends. These are referred to as trends because they never last for lengthy periods (Beckingham 76). Modern fashion is divisible into categories that include haute couture and ready-to-wear. Currently, there are detailed events that are dedicated to fashion. Some of these events include fashion weeks when diverse designers display their items. Significant designers in the fashion industries are present in cities such as Milan, New York Paris and London. They create fashionable items that serve diverse purposes in their targeted markets. Some famous designers include Coco Chanel, Christian Dior and Louis Vuitton (Hurlock 54). Fashion is significant in everyone’s life because of the power it gives people. For example, it allows people to experience healing therapies from the respective fashionable items they adorn. Counselors suggest that their patients must adorn beautiful clothes that would make them address their problems. Fashion also allows a country’s citizenry to pass strong messages to relevant leadership. For example, people in country’s that are at war could adorn in white attire and communicate their wish for a peaceful state. People use fashion to express their diverse personalities and attain their desired reactions from other people (Hurlock 90). Some people abuse fashion by indecent dressing which they blame on fashion. Others register this abuse by overindulgence in respective fashion items. They need to understand that appealing fashion is not

Does relaying on rats testing proofs that the chemical BPA can cause Research Paper

Does relaying on rats testing proofs that the chemical BPA can cause human effect if yes or no how - Research Paper Example s who believe that rats do not share enough similarities with humans to provide proof of the effects that chemicals such as BPA will have on the human body. The following annotated bibliography explores the use of rats in testing with the endocrine disrupter BPA to show that rat testing can be useful in ascertaining the effects of chemicals on the human body. Ashby, J, and H Tinwell. ‘Uterotrophic Activity of Bisphenol A in the Immature Rat.’ Environmental Health Perspectives 106.11 (1998): 719–720. Print. This original research article explores the effects of BPA on the immature rat uterus. This study has been mentioned within a lot of the secondary sources within this bibliography, and therefore should be included. It was featured in a peer-reviewed journal, which means the results are reliable. It provides the evidence that BPA has a toxic effect on rats, although it does not illustrate whether this is useful when considering the human effect. Diel, Patrick et al. ‘Ability of Xeno- and Phytoestrogens to Modulate Expression of Estrogen-sensitive Genes in Rat Uterus: Estrogenicity Profiles and Uterotropic Activity’. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 73.1–2 (2000): 1–10. Web. 23 Feb. 2012. This original research article explores the effect of BPA and other xenoestrogens on the rat uterus. Like many of the other studies, it does not provide data from human studies for direct comparison, but conclusions are drawn, which suggests that the results are reliable enough for this journal. Many of the studies focus on the uterine effects, although there are effects on males as well as other physiological effects. Gupta, Ramesh C. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology. Academic Press, 2011. Print. One of the most prominent effects that have been suggested by animal and human studies are developmental and reproductive. This book is an exploration of the toxic effects of many compounds on the reproductive and early developmental

Enhancing the Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Enhancing the Marketing Plan - Essay Example Further, the macro environmental factors will also be considered in the paper to understand the significant trend which can impact on the business of the company. Company’s Competitor Geno's Sports Apparel deals in athletic footwear and apparel products and seeks to achieve higher sales and good brand reputation. The athletic footwear and apparel industry is considered as highly competitive as there are several big players in the market where Geno’s Sports Apparel operates. The major competitor of Geno’s Sports Apparel in terms of athletic footwear products is Finish Line which operates in the similar marketing segment. Besides Finish Line, Geno’s Sports Apparel also faces a direct competition from other athletic goods providing organizations such as Payless ShoeSource, Dick’s Sporting Goods among others. The major strengths of Finish Line, one of the biggest competitors is the ability to understand the preferences of customers and act accordingly. Thus, the company offers coupons and discounts to the customers to increase sales. Finish line is much concerned about promoting latest products to the customers. The major weakness of Finish Line has been the number of retail outlets. The number of stores of Finish Line is less which creates difficulty for the company to distribute products effectively. Besides, providing newest products can also cost more and are inefficient in this business environment as many customers can concentrate on saving money and purchasing inexpensive products due to economic downturn (Sweeney, 2009). The other competitors named Payless ShoeSource have good geographic location which provides the company a competitive advantage. Its business is expanded in almost 50 counties within the international market. Payless ShoeSource has great financial strength which helps to spread the business globally. Besides, the sales in women’s shoe category are strong and the company has also strong position in t he market of the USA. The major weakness of Payless ShoeSource is higher fixed cost which led to lower profit margin. Furthermore, the company experienced huge amount of loss due to surplus inventory. The business of Payless ShoeSource is highly reliant on third party producers which make the company much vulnerable to survive in the competitive market (Cullin, 2007). Differentiation of Products Differentiation is necessary in order to improve the business and develop a unique brand identity. The main differentiation of Geno’s Sports Apparel with respect to the other competitors is the innovative marketing strategy. Geno’s Sports Apparel will provide tailored retailing programs and develop exclusive store atmosphere which replicates a distinct retailing style than other rivals. The effective enactment of this strategy helps the company to increase the customer base and preserve brand reliability. Geno’s Sports Apparel can also differentiates the brand from close st competitor Finish Line through providing customers with ranges of athletic attires which are designed according to their requirement. The company needs to offer focused collection of sports equipments to the customers which is the other differentiating factor (Sweeney, 2009). Through the advanced marketing communication strategies, such as implementing good customer service model, Geno’

SCI P1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SCI P1 - Essay Example Called also silicium† While Semi conductor is â€Å"Crystalline element (such as germanium or silicon) or compound (such as gallium arsenide or indium phosphide) that is between a conductor (such as a metal) and an insulator (such as glass) in its ability to conduct electric current. This ability can be selectively controlled by doping the material with an impurity (such as aluminum or boron) and/or by running another current through the material at a different axis. Semiconductors are used in making solid state electronic devices such as diodes, rectifiers, transistors, and integrated circuits (computer and memory chips).† This is according to BusinessDictionary.com. This has helped the revolution of computers in that the silicon base semi conductors has help in the manufacture of components used in the assembly of computer and other electronic devices that make our lives easier leading to Technology. The definition of Technology according Merriam (2012), Technology is â€Å"the use of science in industry, engineering, etc., to invent useful things or to solve problems or a machine, piece of equipment, method, etc., that is created by technology.† There are three kinds of technology construction technology, medical technology, and information technology. In Construction Technology, an example for Hydraform Brick and Block Machines has been discovered such as interlocking bricks which use less cement. It is an easier, cheaper, and less time consuming way of constructing bricks. In Medical Technology, machines and medicines have been invented or discovered to help save lives and make it easier for treatments. For example computed axial tomography (CAT) Scan machines in the past it was difficult to get images of internal organs when one had an accident but thanks to technology, it is easier to detect internal problems of an individual hence saving many lives. An example is when one has an accident, to detect whether they have internal bleeding; they use the CAT

Practicum Project Methodology and Evaluation Term Paper

Practicum Project Methodology and Evaluation - Term Paper Example have the capacity to create an implementation plan for purposeful rounding, bedside reporting, and multidisciplinary rounding in order to improve patients experiences and help staff develop their leadership competencies and abilities. In terms of objectives, the learner will be able to apply nursing theories and relevant research in creating an implementation plan for best practices at the end of the practicum project. Secondly, this project is geared towards helping the learner acquire the ability to identify and analyze leadership approaches used in managing multidisciplinary groups. At the end of this project, the learner will also have the capacity to apply best practices in nursing in order to drive performance. For the first objective, I will seek the help of my preceptor and nurse leader in my department to identify best practices related to nursing operations that are currently been used in managing the team. I will also interview members of the team in regards to which best practices they think are relevant and have achieved positive results. One of the best practice been used to facilitate purposeful rounding and bedside reporting that I will focus on is open communication. For the second objective, I will work in cahoots with a multidisciplinary team consisting of an array of specialized personnel such as nurses, nurse leaders, and physicians during rounds. I will be an active member of the team in order to virtually identify how the team leader manages the multidisciplinary team. For the third objective, I will take in consideration the identified best practices such as open communication used to facilitate nursing operations as well as leadership approaches identified through observ ation and adopt them in my nursing practice during this practicum project. To achieve the third objective, I will also be actively engaged during rounding in order to have a practical experience on how best practices are implemented in practice. In evaluating my practicum

Jurisprudence (law) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Jurisprudence (law) - Essay Example being derived from a male perspective, therefore the basic question that arises is whether the assumption that law is neutral and can provide a fair hearing to all parties is justified. As a result, several feminist theories have been advanced – most notably, the equality theories, standpoint theories, ethics of care and postmodernism, all of which are examined below. These theories raise the question of whether existing universal standards and practices are indeed universal or whether in a social and legal context, long established norms conditioned from a male perspective need re-examination. While the goal of feminist jurisprudence remains the acquisition of equality for women on par with women, can this equality be achieved in the eyes of the law by gender neutral methods of analysis? As highlighted below, through an examination of the theories, it may be noted that it appears that sex is not an issue that can be so dismissed. This is the basic principle underlying the question of equal rights before the law for both men and women. Jurisprudence has remained a traditional male bastion with existing legal theories conditioned upon the premise of the â€Å"individual† as the philosophical basis for the legal system. Hence, earlier struggles for equal rights by women were centered upon proving to the higher authorities that women deserved equal treatment, but this was still on the basis that they were individuals. Feminist jurisprudence questions whether the â€Å"individual† as conceived in law is itself relevant? For example, MacLaughlin points out that the liberal perspectives of law as a fair and just system that protects is rights of all individuals is based upon treating all persons indiscriminately – but how can such a universal standard be defined in the context of differing constituencies and differing conceptions?3 While she upholds the feminist view that the rights of women as individuals must be upheld, she does not view this as being exclusive

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Essay John Steinbeck (1902-1968), born in Salinas, California, came from a family of moderate means. He worked his way through college at Stanford University but never graduated. In 1925, he went to New York, where he tried for a few years to establish himself as a free-lance writer, but he failed and returned to California. After publishing some novels and short stories, Steinbeck first became widely known with Tortilla Flat (1935), a series of humorous stories about Monterey paisanos. Steinbecks novels can all be classified as social novels dealing with the economic problems of rural labour, but there is also a streak of worship of the soil in his books, which does not always agree with his matter-of-fact sociological approach. Throughout high school and college, Steinbeck took summer jobs working as a ranch hand. These jobs were extremely important to his literary career. Memories of his work on ranches would furnish the background for Of Mice and Men. John Steinbeck’s grandparents owned ranches in the King City area and in Hollister. Samuel and Eliza Hamilton, his mother’s parents, owned a ranch in the hills east of King City, the southern part of the Salinas Valley. John Steinbeck spent a part of every summer at this ranch, doing chores, taking care of the animals, and exploring the land. A typical day for ranch children began at 5:00 AM. Certain chores needed to be completed before the family and ranch hands had breakfast, including hauling water from the well, feeding the horses, and collecting wood for the stove. The children then walked to school. Some attended a one-room schoolhouse with a teacher, while others gathered at a neighbouring ranch to be taught by mothers and relatives. The children were at school for about four hours before returning home to work on the ranch. The younger children fed and cared for the chickens, goats, or pigs. Older children, about 14 years or older, worked with the adults to harvest the crops or herd the cows. Older girls usually took care of their younger siblings while the adults worked in the fields or the livestock. Ranch families would travel to the nearest town to purchase supplies and ools, go to church, and visit family members. The frequency of these trips depended on how far away they were from town. For example, ranchers in Big Sur would only go to town once every three to six months, depending on the weather and their needs. For many families, this trip took an entire day or longer. Ranchers also received supplies from travelling salesmen, livestock traders, migrant labour, and veterinarians. There were two types of ranches that existed in the Salinas Valley in the 1920s/30s: these ranches could be distinguished from each other by their location in the valley. The first type was located low on the green fertile valley floor. Hill ranches, the second type, were usually nestled up higher in the rocky and dusty terrain of the foothills of the surrounding mountains. The ranches on the valley floor were characteristically agricultural since they had more water. The rich soil and mild year-round climate lent itself to raising the lettuce and vegetables that the Salinas Valley is famous for. The ranch in The Red Pony was modelled after the second type of ranch, the hill ranch. Hill ranches were primarily interested in the cattle industry. Since there was often a shortage of water at the higher elevations, the hill-ranchers raised cattle instead of the thirsty crops that lined the valley floor. These ranches were usually quite a bit further from town than the valley floor ranches, and this added to the hardships brought on by drought years and supply shortages. The Great Depression was the great economic crisis that is said to have been started because of the U. S. stock-market crash in 1929. The prices on the Wall Street stock market fell a lot from October 24 to October 29, 1929. Many people lost their jobs. By 1932, 25–30% of people lost their jobs. They became homeless and poor. This ended the wealth of the Roaring Twenties. Many people think that the Great Depression started on Black Tuesday, but Black Tuesday was just an underlying problem that would help cause the Depression. From 1929-1932, the depression worsened. Many suspect that increased taxes on American citizens and the increased tariffs (taxes on countries that trade with the United States) worsened it. Economist Milton Friedman said that the Great Depression was worsened because the Federal Reserve printed out less money than usual. When the Great Depression started, Herbert Hoover was the president of the United States, and as a result, he was blamed for it. People voted for a new president in 1932. His name was Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt got the government to pass many new laws and programs to help people who were hurt by the Great Depression. These programs were called the New Deal. One of these programs was the Civilian Conservation Corps or CCC. The CCC put many young men to work in the outdoors. The men were paid 1 dollar a week to work, and they got free food and shelter. Another one of these programs was called Social Security. Social Security gave old people a small income so they had money for things they needed. The Great Depression was really bad, but with everyones help, it would get better. Between 1939 and 1944, more people had jobs again because of World War II, and the Great Depression came to an end. An important reason for the Great Depression was the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles made the United States very rich. Britain and France both gave large amounts of money to the U. S. , and Germany had to pay a great amount of money for the damage they had done in World War I. However, it was this wealth that began the stock market crash. Even after the Wall Street Crash of 1929, people still had hope. John D. Rockefeller said, These are days when many are discouraged. In the 93 years of my life, depressions have come and gone. Prosperity has always returned and will again. But soon the bad effects of the depression grew worse and worse. People lost jobs, money, and homes. There were reports that in Germany and the United States, there was great hunger, disease, and even starvation. In previous depressions, farmers were usually safe from the severe effects of a depression because they could at least feed themselves. Unfortunately, during the Great Depression, the Great Plains were hit hard with both a drought and horrendous dust storms. Years and years of overgrazing combined with the effects of a drought caused the grass to disappear. With just topsoil exposed, high winds picked up the loose dirt and whirled it for miles. The dust storms destroyed everything in their paths, leaving farmers without their crops. Small farmers were hit especially hard. Even before the dust storms hit, the invention of the tractor drastically cut the need for manpower on farms. These small farmers were usually already in debt, borrowing money for seed and paying it back when their crops came in. When the dust storms damaged the crops, not only could the small farmer not feed himself and his family, he could not pay back his debt. If you migrated to California during this decade, you were among some 1. 3 million workers who made the trek, according to the University of California-Davis Rural Migration News from 2003. Not only did the states more hospitable temperatures draw farmers, but California also boasted a more diverse array of crops from cotton and peas to lemons and oranges. Once you reached California, you continued to be transient. This was the case because you basically followed the harvest, travelling from place to place to harvest whatever crop was in season. Earlier in the decade, there was a mentality that workers would be provided with the barest means, such as poor food, and then simply sent on their way, according to UC-Davis. With reform, that changed and migrant worker camps were established; essentially, these were a federally sponsored network of camps that provided shelter as well as health care, work counselling and food. Though these camps mandated that workers volunteer a specified amount of time, you didnt just work; you also had opportunities to play, according to the Library of Congress. It reports that there was a sense of culture that flourished in the camp. Music served as one of the biggest recreational activities; popular among workers were traditional Anglo-Celtic ballads, as well as early country works by the likes of Gene Autry. Music was created during this period by artists like Mary Sullivan and Jack Bryant, who documented what it was like to be a migrant in song. If you were a worker travelling from Mexico during this time, or an American of Mexican ethnic origin, you made far less than your white counterparts on the same job, according to the Oakland Museum of California. That being said, you still earned more in the states than you did in Mexico during this time. Mexican-American migrants patched together shelter from anything they could find, be it burlap, canvas or branches. Though its estimated that in the 1920s, 75% of migrant workers were of Mexican origin, as the country fell into the Great Depression, white workers took over their jobs, leaving many Mexican-Americans unemployed. Your work options expanded with the advent of World War II. For this reason, migrant work became far less necessary and, in turn, far less desirable. Many former migrant workers, according to the Library of Congress, went overseas to serve in the war. Still others supported the war effort stateside, taking on positions at coastal shipyards or at defence plants. The average family income dropped 40 percent between 1929 and 1933, and while men took second jobs or searched for better-paying employment in an oversaturated market, most of their wives stayed home and struggled with what Eleanor Roosevelt called endless little economies and constant anxieties. At the bottom of the middle class, women worried about losing their homes and falling back into the class of renters in Indianapolis, more than half the families with mortgages had defaulted on them by 1934. Those higher on the economic ladder simply had to figure out how to keep up appearances without the help of servants (an ad for bleach showed a pair of elegant hands in a tub of dirty laundry and asked: doing it yourself these days? ) The marriage rate dropped. The nation declared a truce in its war on spinsterhood, and magazines once again ran articles about women who found happiness in life without a husband. Live Alone And Like It was a bestseller. Do you realize how many people in my generation are not married? asked Elsa Ponselle, who was working as a teacher when the Chicago school system ran out of money and started paying its staff in IOUs. Her own boyfriend, a commercial artist, vanished when he was laid off from his job. Societys fight against contraceptives came to a virtual halt as well, partly because of national outcries against women on the dole who continued to have babies. In 1936, the federal court struck down all federal restrictions against birth control, in a case memorably named U. S. v One Package of Japanese Pessaries. The birth rate plunged so low that for the first time in American history the nation was not replacing itself. Bertha Thompson, who called herself Boxcar Bertha’, estimated that 500,000 to 2 million people were hoboes in the 1930s, and that perhaps a tenth of them were women. Most travelled in pairs, Thompson said, either with a man or another woman. But mainly, the women who took to the roads were with their families. Peggy Terry, who travelled as a migrant worker, remembered seeing a Hooverville in Oklahoma. Here were all these people living in old, rusted-out car bodies. I mean that was their home. There were people living in shacks made of orange crates. One family with a whole lot of kids were living in a piano box. This wasnt just a little section: this was maybe ten miles long and ten miles wide. The issue of whether married women should work was chewed over constantly in the newspapers and womens magazines, with the consensus coming down on the side of not. A federal law, passed during the Depression, prohibited the employment of married persons whose spouses also worked for the government. Of the people forced to quit, three quarters were women (Eleanor Roosevelt called the law a very bad and foolish thing government salaries, she argued, were so low, a family needed two incomes just to get along). Legislators in twenty-six states introduce laws completely banning the hiring of married women, although only Louisiana actually passed a law, and it was quickly declared unconstitutional. More than three quarters of the nations public school districts refused to hire married teachers unless they were male. Despite all this, the number of married women who worked continued to increase throughout the decade. Although most of these women struggled to keep poor families above water, a number were middle class and were attempting to preserve the good things they had gotten used to since World War I like electric lights and gas stoves, and the ability to keep their children in school. It was an important cultural shift that sent women into the workforce in larger and larger numbers. And for all the endless debate about whether or not it was good for society, the issue was resolved not by social theorists but by the wives themselves, determined that they and their families would not only survive but also move up. The 1930s were a turbulent time for race relations in America. Despite the decline of such organizations as the Ku Klux Klan (which had enjoyed renewed support during the 1910s and 1920s) racism was as strong as ever in the Southern states. Furthermore, as this picture alludes to, the increased presence of Black Americans in Northern cities (where many had migrated during WWII and especially during the Depression) resulted in increased tension between the races there as well. This image of a drunken African-American passed out in the middle of the city reflects the apprehension, which many rich white New Yorkers felt at the presence of so many blacks in what they considered to be their city. Many New Deal programs gave black Americans opportunities they had often lacked in the past, while also helping to bring their daily struggles to light for Northerners. Such federal programs as The Federal Music Project, Federal Theatre Project, and Federal Writers project enabled black artists to find word during the depression, often times creating art or stories, which portrayed the historic and present situation of blacks in the South. Projects chronicling the lives of former slaves were also begun under the auspices of these programs. At the same time competition for WPA (Works Project Administration) jobs in the South during the thirties also brought to light the persistence of inequality even in the government. Since the WPA required that eligible employees not have refused any private sector jobs at the prevailing wage for such jobs, African-Americans (who were paid less on average than whites in the South) might be refused WPA jobs which whites were eligible for. Such discrimination often extended to Hispanic-Americans in the Southwest as well. Despite such difficulties, WPA head Harry Hopkins worked with NAACP leaders to prevent discrimination whenever possible resulting in general support for the programs (and the government) by the black community. Black Americans also received increased visibility during this decade for less auspicious reasons, resulting in bitter political conflict within the Democratic Party. While the South had been solidly Democratic since the Civil War, the Roosevelt administration actively appealed to African-Americans to join their party, thus alienating many Southerners. The growing divide between Northern and Southern Democrats over the issue of race came to a head in April 1937, when a bitter fight over an anti-lynching bill took place in the House of Representatives. In the wake of a gruesome double lynching in Mississippi (only one of more than a hundred that had taken place since 1930) The House passed the anti-lynching resolution, despite the opposition of all but one Southern member. Declaring that the South had been deserted by the Democrats of the North, former Roosevelt supporters in the Senate carried out a six-week long filibuster that resulted in the withdrawal of the bill in February 1938. This bitter political fight was indicative of the racism and regional conflict still firmly in-trenched in America in the 1930s.